Cervical Cancer and HPV Screening: A Gynecologist’s Guide for WomenWhat is Cervical Cancer?Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
It is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
Early stages often have no symptoms, but advanced cases may show abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during intercourse.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?99% of cervical cancers stem from persistent high-risk HPV, mainly spread through sex.
- Multiple partners and early sexual activity.
- Weak Immune System.
- Having other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS.
- Long-term use of oral contraceptives.
- Smoking and uses of other Tobacco.
How to Protect Against Cervical Cancer?HPV Vaccination: Recommended for girls and women from 9 to 45 years of age, prevent infection from high-risk HPV types.
Two types of vaccine available
Gardasil 4 and
Gardasil 9 that can be given
after consulting your doctor.Regular Screening: Pap smears and HPV tests help in early detection of pre-cancerous changes.
Safe Sexual Practices: Using protection (condoms) reduces HPV transmission risk.
No Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight HPV infections.
What is HPV Virus?Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection.
Over 100 types exist; some are harmless, while others are high-risk and cause cervical cancer.
Most HPV infections are clear on their own, but persistent high-risk HPV can lead to cervical cancer over time.
How is HPV Linked to Cervical Cancer?High-risk HPV strains (especially types 16 and 18) cause nearly 99% of cervical cancer cases.
HPV can cause abnormal cervical cell changes, which, if untreated, may develop into cancer.
Regular screening helps detect these changes early, allowing timely intervention.
When Should Women Get Cervical Cancer Screening?Ages 21-29: Pap smear every 3 years.
Ages 30-65: Pap smear and HPV test (co-testing) every 5 years, or Pap smear alone every 3 years.
After 65: If previous screenings have been normal, further tests may not be needed.
High-Risk Individuals: Women with a weakened immune system or a history of abnormal Pap results may need more frequent screening.
Conclusion:Regular HPV screening and vaccination are key preventive measures against cervical cancer. Women should consult their gynecologist to determine the best screening schedule based on age and health history, you can also contact regarding same with Dr. J. Madhavi consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist specialist in cervical cancer screening (PAP Smear Test), practicing at DR. MADHAVI's The Gynae Care Clinic 65/A, Pocket - A, Mayur Vihar Phase - II, Delhi-110091.
Contact Dr Madhavi if you or your daughter wish to have the vaccine.
Article Topic:
Cervical Cancer and HPV Screening and Vaccination
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